IMPLEMENTING
AGREEMENT FOR CO-OPERATION TOKAMAK PROGRAMMES
ANNUAL REPORT
2013
INTRODUCTION
CHAIRS REPORT
MEMBERSHIP
ACTIVITIES
Status Reports / Achievements
PLANS FOR NEXT YEAR
FINANCING
CONTACT
INFORMATION
APPENDIX I
Minutes of the 4th Executive Committee Meeting
INTRODUCTION
The
International Energy Agency (IEA) is an autonomous agency established in 1974.
The IEA carries out a comprehensive programme of energy co-operation among 28
advanced economies, each of which is obliged to hold oil stocks equivalent to
90 days of its net imports. The aims of the IEA are to:
·
Secure
member countries access to reliable and ample supplies of all forms of energy;
in particular, through maintaining effective emergency response capabilities in
case of oil supply disruptions.
·
Promote
sustainable energy policies that spur economic growth and environmental
protection in a global context particularly in terms of reducing
greenhouse-gas emissions that contribute to climate change.
·
Improve
transparency of international markets through collection and analysis of energy
data.
·
Support
global collaboration on energy technology to secure future energy supplies and
mitigate their environmental impact, including through improved energy
efficiency and development and deployment of low-carbon technologies.
·
Find
solutions to global energy challenges through engagement and dialogue with
non-member countries, industry, international organisations and other
stakeholders.
To
attain these goals, increased co-operation between industries, businesses and
government energy technology research is indispensable. The public and private
sectors must work together, share burdens and resources, while at the same time
multiplying results and outcomes.
The
multilateral technology initiatives (Implementing Agreements) supported by the
IEA are a flexible and effective framework for IEA member and non-member
countries, businesses, industries, international organisations and
non-government organisations to research breakthrough technologies, to fill
existing research gaps, to build pilot plants, to carry out deployment or
demonstration programmes in short to encourage technology-related activities
that support energy security, economic growth and environmental protection.
More
than 6,000 specialists carry out a vast body of research through these various
initiatives. To date, more than 1,000 projects have been completed. There are
currently 41 Implementing Agreements (IA) working in the areas of:
·
Cross-Cutting
Activities (information exchange, modelling, technology transfer)
·
End-Use
(buildings, electricity, industry, transport)
·
Fossil
Fuels (greenhouse-gas mitigation, supply, transformation)
·
Fusion
Power (international experiments)
·
Renewable
Energies and Hydrogen (technologies and deployment)
The IAs
are at the core of a network of senior experts consisting of the Committee on
Energy Research and Technology (CERT), four working parties and three expert
groups. A key role of the CERT is to provide leadership by guiding the IAs to
shape work programmes that address current energy issues productively, by
regularly reviewing their accomplishments, and suggesting reinforced efforts
where needed. For further information on the IEA, the CERT and the IAs, please
consult www.iea.org/techagr.
The
scope of the Implementing Agreement for Co-operation on Tokamak Programmes (CTP IA) is to further the science and
technology of large tokamaks by engaging in co-operative actions relating to
the further development of the tokamak concept to make maximum use of the
scientific facilities in the countries of the contracting parties.
CHAIRS
REPORT
Short summary
The CTP IA, in conjunction with bi-lateral agreements, continues to provide
an excellent method to carry out ITER research needs and advance fusion
science. During 2013, the tokamaks programmes involved in this IA provided
essential data and operating experience for ITER and for the advancement of the
tokamak concept.
The participation of the ITER China Domestic Agency as a Contracting Party
in the CTP IA became effective as of January 2013.
During its 4th meeting, the Executive Committee confirmed or
agreed to the following:
the Personnel Assignment reports for 2013;
some of the Personnel Assignments for 2014,
although more will be proposed during the year and approved by written
procedure;
plans for a workshop on theory and simulation of
disruptions to be held in the US in July
2014;
the term of chair of the Executive Committee
will continue to be two years (i.e. since the Implementing Agreement specifies
that the chair will be elected annually, the Executive Committee will normally
re-elect each chair to serve a second year);
The term of the present chair (US) will end
after the report to the IEA FPCC meeting in January 2014, and the new chair
(ITER) will assume the chair;
EU continues in roles of the secretariat and the
CTP WEB management; and
The next (17th) ITPA CC meeting, the
Workshop on Joint Experiments and the 5th CTP ExCo meeting to be held
consecutively at Cadarache, France on 8-10 December 2014.
Executive Committee
Minutes
of the 4th ExCo Meeting are attached as Appendix I.
MEMBERSHIP
Contracting Parties
|
European Union |
|
South
Korea |
|
Japan |
|
India |
|
United States of America ITER |
|
China (beginning Jan 2013) |
ACTIVITIES
Status Reports / Achievements
Reports
from the ITPA Coordination Committee Meeting (compiled by Steve Lisgo)
China Report, Baonian WAN
The
EAST tokamak (ASIPP) has achieved a 30 s H-mode pulse and 400 s during long
pulse operation (250 kA). A tungsten
mono-block upper divertor is being installed and significant heating upgrades
will occur in 2014 (additional NBI and ECH/ECCD at 140 GHz), with the total
available power reaching 30 MW once all systems are fully commissioned.
The
HL-2A tokamak (SWIPP) has been investigating energetic particle physics,
transport and confinement, and L-H transition dynamics. And upgrade for HL-2A,
termed HL-2M, is well into the design phase, and will give stronger shaping,
enhanced auxiliary heating (up to ~20 MW), and longer pulse length.
The
Chinese Fusion Engineering Test Reactor, or CFETR, is an ITER-scale device
currently in the conceptual design phase.
It will include some features that go beyond ITER, such as high
duty-cycle, large scale tritium breeding, and additional PF coils for advanced
divertor configurations. Conventional
materials will be employed, but CFETR should also serve as a facility for
testing new materials under fusion reactor conditions. Superconducting and water cooled copper coil
options being considered.
EU Report, Duarte BORBA
Shallow
W melt, H-mode optimization, and initial runaway electron studies were
successfully accomplished on JET. A
second round of DT experiments has been proposed, which would start in ~2016.
ASDEX
Upgrade enhancements include bulk W tiles in the outer divertor and new power
supplies that allow rotating resonant magnetic perturbations. The ITER baseline shots are stable and have
large ELMs which contain up to ~25% of the stored energy.
TCV
reports discovery of an Ohmic quiescent high-confinement regime termed
IN-mode, has demonstrated super-X and triple-X divertor operation, and
transformer recharging via bootstrap current overdrive. There will be no operation in 2014 due to
installation of NBI.
In
MAST, ELMs were mitigated with rotating RMPs, and MARS-Q calculations match the
observed change in plasma rotation after the application of RMPs. MAST Upgrade construction is underway, with
first plasma in late 2015.
The
WEST project was officially launched at IRFM, and the first workshop with
international partners planned for the summer of 2014. First plasma is expected in 2016.
TEXTOR
ceased operation in December after a successful 30 year campaign, with 2013
focused on high priority EFDA and ITPA tasks, including: IC wall conditioning,
high-Z migration, dust, first mirrors, W melting, and disruption physics. The experimental focus at FZJ will now shift
to facilities that study material properties a neutron environment.
H-modes
were achieved on COMPASS in 2013, and the experimental plan in 2014
incorporates disruption physics, power radial decay lengths, the L-H threshold
dependence on isotope, and deployment of a significant number of new
diagnostics.
FTU
installed a new cooled liquid lithium limiter and successfully completed
restart in October 2013. The programme
for 2014 includes the study of the new limiter, runaway electrons, ECRH/ECCD,
the scrape-off layer, transport, instabilities, and lower hybrid waves.
The
effect of changing isotopes (H to D) on zonal flows appears to be different in
the JT-II stellarator than in tokamaks, which may help the understanding of
isotope effects in fusion plasmas. A reduction
in Alfvιn eigenmode (AE) amplitude with the application of ECH power was also
observed, suggesting an avenue for AE control.
Work on these topics will continue in 2014.
India Report, Abhijit SEN
The
superconducting coils on SST-1 have been commissioned and first plasma was
achieved in June 2013 (~10 kA).
Operation at half- and full-field (1.5 T) has been demonstrated, with
ECH break-down assist at the second and first harmonics, respectively. The upcoming activity will focus on ~100 kA
(circular) plasmas, pulse lengths of greater than 1 s with RF, and subsystem
upgrades.
The
Aditya (sun god) tokamak at IPR will continue to do basic experiments and serve
as a test bed for diagnostics and heating and current drive schemes. A new
vacuum vessel is being commissioned which will permit operation in a diverted
configuration.
Japan Report, Yutaka, KAMADA
A
Joint Core Team has been formed under JAEA and NIFS in order to review the
motivations for DEMO and to develop a detailed roadmap.
Deuterium
experiments on LHD are scheduled to start in 2016, and will be preceded by
several substantial upgrades: all heating systems (29 MW to 44 MW), neutron
diagnostics, a closed helical divertor, and the vacuum pumping system
(including the installation of a tritium recovery facility).
JAEA
continues to support a wide range of ITER and Broader Approach activities. A large number of major ITER components have
progressed to detailed design, qualification, and fabrication. In Rokkasho, the injector of the IFMIF/EVEDA
accelerator was delivered in May 2013 and the fusion research supercomputer
commissioned in 2012 continues to operate well.
Procurements for JT-60SA are on schedule, with 86% of PAs signed. The first dual-frequency gyrotron (110 &
138 GHz) has been successfully operated at 1 MW for 10s at both frequencies,
with a goal of 100 s, and the negative ion beam has been run for 100 s after
installing temperature control of the cesium grid. JT-60U data analysis continues to bear fruit,
covering MHD, turbulence, disruptions, and integrated models.
South Korea
Report,
Jong-Gu KWAK
KSTAR
has exceeded the no-wall beta limit, doubling N from 2011, and achieved
NBI heated H-mode operation for ~20 s at 0.5 MA. Measurements of the intrinsic error field
show it to be unusually low. 2D ECE
imaging (always impressive) now covers the high-field side midplane, in
addition to the low-field side. The 2014
program will focus on higher beta, long pulse at higher plasma current, and ELM
suppression with RMPs. Hardware upgrades
include NBI to 5.5 MW (from 3 MW) and Thomson in 2014, and water cooled PFCs in
2015.
Other
fusion research related activity in South Korea includes the VEST spherical
tokamak, and theory and simulation at KAIST with XGC0 and XGC1, in
collaboration with The US SciDAC Center for Edge Physics Simulation (EPSI).
US Report, Steve ECKSTRAND
Acknowledging
a challenging budget environment, the US programme will emphasize international
partnerships, high performance computing, university collaborations, and
optimal exploitation of the DIII-D and NSTX national laboratories over the
2014-2024 timeframe (a new long-term roadmap that includes additional
facilities is in preparation). Research
priorities are plasma control and dynamics, validated predictive capability,
fusion materials science, and ITER research.
The
5-year technical goals at DIII-D are strongly aligned to ITER needs: provide
the physics basis to resolve the remaining ITER design issues, enhance
confidence in ITER achieving Q=10, prepare the physics basis for defining the
path for fusion energy beyond ITER, and to deliver validated predictive
capability of performance-defining physics.
Near-term upgrades include ECRH (5.7 MW in 2014, 7 MW in 2016, and 8.5
MW in 2017) and high frequency (90 Hz) pellet injection for ELM control.
NSTX
is currently being upgraded, with a return to operation in 2015. Two principal new capabilities are being
incorporated: a larger centre-stack for a factor ~5 increase in pulse length
and a second neutral beam at larger tangency radius, for improved current drive
efficiency. Together, the upgrades
should allow operation at significantly reduced collisionality and fully
non-inductive discharges. The 5-10 year goal is to combine high β and τE, a high performance divertor
solution (detachment and/or snowflake), metal walls, and non-inductive
operation.
Collaborative Activities
There were
a wide range of bilateral
and multi-lateral collaborations in 2013. The following is a list of completed
personnel exchanges.
EU KO: 6 Exchanges, 68 person days
EU US: 1 Exchanges, 21 person
days
IO EU: 10 Exchanges, 32 person
days
JA EU: 7 Exchanges, 2 person
years, 38 person days
JA KO: 5 Exchanges, 45 person
days
JA US: 3 Exchanges, 18 person
days
KO EU: 4 Exchanges, 68 person
days
KO JA: 1 Exchange, 5 person days
KO US: 5 Exchanges, 284 person days
US EU: 12 Exchanges, 215 person days
US KO: 6 Exchanges, 1 person year, 34 person days
Many other exchanges took place under bilateral
agreements.
PLANS FOR
NEXT YEAR
China is planning major upgrades to several facilities.
A new tokamak, HL-2M is being planned to focus on research relevant to ITER. A
major upgrade of EAST auxiliary heating systems and diagnostics will permit
operation at higher performance and longer pulse length.
The EU also plans several upgrades in 2014. ASDEX
Upgrade will have massive tungsten tiles in outer divertor, more flexible
pumping, and 4 AC power supplies for 16 B-coils to enable rotating magnetic
perturbations. Tore Supra is being upgraded to have an all tungsten environment
with long pulse capability. TCV will be shut down for installation of a 1MW
neutral beam heating system and new diagnostics. MAST will be undergoing a
major upgrade in 2014 and is expected to resume operation in late 2015. JET
will continue experiments with the ITER-like wall in 2014.
In India, SST-1 obtained its first plasma on June 20, 2013 using the superconducting
magnet system. The SST-1 team plans to
raise the current to 100kA, extend the pulse duration to 100ms, and bring on LHCD
and other auxiliary systems during 2014.
In Japan, work continues on JT-60SA. By November 2013, 22 Procurement Arrangements (PAs) had been concluded (JA: 13PAs, EU: 9PAs)
equalling 86% of the total cost of Broader Approach Satellite Tokamak Program.
In addition, version 3.1 of the JT-60SA research plan was completed in 2013.
In Korea, the
pulse length of KSTAR (H-mode flat-top) was extended to 20 seconds at a plasma
current of 500 kA. In 2014, the plans are to upgrade NB heating up to 5
MW using 3 ion sources and extend the H-mode pulse length to about 30seconds at
the MA plasma current level.
In the U.S. NSTX is undergoing major upgrades to NSTX-U, which
will double the toroidal field, plasma current and pulse length.. NSTX-U is
expected resume operation in early 2015.
DIII-D plans an extensive program of research ITER physics issues
including disruption mitigation, pellet pacing of ELMS, RMP physics, and
effects of the Test Blanket Module.
An
International Workshop on theory and simulation of disruptions will be hosted by Princeton Plasma
Physics Laboratory, U.S.A., in 2014. The 5th ExCo Meeting will be held at ITER
Headquarters in December 2014.
COMMUNICATION
The chair has invited Russia to join the Implementing Agreement.
FINANCING
Unless otherwise agreed by the Contracting
Parties in writing, each Contracting Party shall bear its own costs in carrying
out the activities under this Agreement and any Annexes, including the costs of
formulating or transmitting reports and of reimbursing its employees for travel
and other per diem expenses.
EXECUTIVE
COMMITTEE MEMBERS
CHINA
|
D. Luo |
|
ITER
China |
|
K. He |
|
ITER
China |
EUROPEAN UNION
|
F.
Romanelli |
|
EFDA/JET |
|
Lars-Gφran
Eriksson |
|
EFDA/JET |
INDIA
|
P. Kaw |
|
Institute
for Plasma Research |
|
R. Jha |
|
Institute
for Plasma Research |
ITER
|
O.
Motojima |
|
ITER
Organization |
|
R.
Haange |
|
ITER
Organization |
JAPAN
|
M.
Mori |
|
JAEA |
|
Y.
Kamada |
|
JAEA |
KOREA
|
J-G.
Kawk |
|
NFRI |
|
Y-K.
Oh |
|
NFRI |
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
|
S.
Eckstrand (Chair) |
|
DoE,
Office of Fusion Energy Sciences |
|
R. Hawryluk |
|
PPPL |
CONTACT
INFORMATION
For
more information, contact steve.eckstrand@science.doe.gov
APPENDIX I
Minutes
of the 4th Executive Committee Meeting of the
IEA
Implementing Agreement for
CO-OPERATION
ON TOKAMAK PROGRAMMES (CTP)
At
Attendance:
Abhijit Sen (IN), Charles Greenfield (US), Rajesh Maingi (US), Alejandro
Zurita (EU), Duarte Borba
(EU) Secretary, Yutaka Kamada (JP), Kouji Shinohara (JP), Steve
Eckstrand (US) Chair, Mickey Wade (US), Jong-Gu Kwak (KO), Yeong-Kook Oh (KO), David Campbell (ITER-IO),
Steve Lisgo (ITER-IO)
Summary
The
CTP-IA Executive Committee:
- adopted the Personnel Assignments reports for
Jan. 2013 Dec. 2013 and the Proposals for Assignments and Remote Participation
for Jan. 2014 Dec. 2014,
-
approved the proposal tabled by the
-
approved the proposal that the Chair will be taken by ITER for the next two
years.
Welcome and Approval of the
agenda and minutes of the last meeting
The Chair
welcomed all participants in the meeting. The proposed agenda was briefly
discussed and approved. The minutes of the previous meeting (3rd
Executive Committee Meeting) were approved, taking into account the comments
made by David Campbell (ITER-IO) by e-mail.
Reports
on the Completed Workshops and Personnel Assignments for
Jan.
2013 Dec. 2013
There were no
Workshops organised in addition to the CTP-ITPA Planning Meeting for Joint
Experiments (JEX) (W75), which took place on 9th to 11th December 2013 at the ITER-IO
Head Quarters in Cadarache. The Personnel Assignments reports were presented by
the different parties and adopted. Duarte Borba (EU) presented the EU report on
Outgoing Assignments and made the remark that there were a small number of
exchanges, but following the ongoing restructuring of the EU fusion
accompanying programme, there is the intention to make a more extensive use of
this agreement in the future. Yutaka Kamada (JP) presented the report on JT-60
Outgoing Assignments emphasising the participation to
Proposals for Personnel
Assignments and Remote Participation for Jan. 2014 Dec. 2014
Regarding
the EU Proposals for next year Duarte Borba (EU) added that the use of the
CTP-IA will be discussed in the frame of the new EUROfusion consortium and new
proposals for assignments will be submitted for consideration by the Executive
Committee in the beginning of 2014.
Regarding the JT-60
Proposals, Mickey Wade (US) asked why the report on the assignments of Dr. Nakano
and Dr. Suzuki were not
presented at the meeting. Yutaka Kamada (JP) replied that these assignments
will be completed in 2014 and that a comprehensive report regarding these
assignments will be presented at the next meeting. Charles Greenfield (US)
pointed out that there is a typo in the contact person of ASDEX Upgrade
in the assignments to the EU. Regarding the
Decision: the CTP-IA ExCo adopted
the Personnel Assignments reports for Jan. 2013 Dec. 2013 and the Proposals for Assignments and
Remote Participation for Jan. 2014 Dec. 2014.
Action on Steve Eckstrand
(US) to follow up on the agreement with China and clarify what is covered under
the CTP-IA.
No
proposals were tabled by China or India. Jong-Gu Kwak (KO) asked if there will
be proposals from
Proposals for Workshops for Jan. 2014 Dec. 2014
Steve
Eckstrand (US) presented one proposal from the US. It is proposed that the
Workshop will focus on well diagnosed experiments that can provide information
to validate or disprove models for disruptions, following on a similar Workshop
organised in the
Decision: the CTP-IA ExCo approved the proposal introduced by the
US to organise a Workshop focussed on well diagnosed experiments that can
provide information to validate or disprove models for disruptions.
Discussion on annual report for 2013
Steve
Eckstrand (US) said that he will prepare a presentation reporting on the
activities from the parties to be presented at the meeting of the IEA FPCC, at
the end of January 2014. The presentation that he put together for 2012 was
sent for comments last year. It is proposed that each party sends 5-6
viewgraphs for this report. The slides should not necessarily focus on
scientific results, but more on the construction and status of facilities. He
also stressed that the IEA FPCC is mainly a managerial meeting. He also requested
that the members of the ExCo, send a summary of the exchanges with updates; and
updates on the membership of the CTP-IA ExCo by
Chairman's term of office
Steve
Eckstrand (US) introduced the topic regarding the election of the new chair. The
policy is to rotate the chair among the parties. The proposal would be that
ITER will take the Chair for the following two years. David Campbell (ITER-IO) replied that ITER
will accept this proposal and he will confirm who will be nominated from ITER
to be the chair person.
Decision: the CTP-IA ExCo
approved the proposal that the Chair will be taken by ITER for the next two
years.
Date
of the Next meeting
The 5th Executive Committee
Meeting is scheduled for 10th December 2014, from 14:00 to 16:00, after
the next ITPA Coordinating Committee meeting.
Annex I Summary on IA-CTP
Membership Status
India joined the IA-CTP in April 2011,
the ITER-IO in October 2012 and China ITER domestic agency joined in 16 January
2013.